Download Your e-Aadhaar Card

UIDAI | Adhar Card | Download Aadhar Card | How to Get AaDhar Card | www.adhaarcar Download | Aadhar Card not delivered | Quick Download Aadhaar Card | How to download aadhaar card |Aadhaar Card Download Site | Address Change in Aadhar Card

Download Your e-Aadhaar Card

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) भारतीय विशिष्ट पहचान प्राधिकरण), is an agency of  he Government of India responsible for implementing the AADHAAR scheme, a unique identification project. It was established in February 2009, and will own and operate the Unique Identification Number database.The authority aims to provide a unique id number to all Indians, but not smart cards. The authority will maintain a database of residents containing biometric and other data.

 The UIDAI is part of the Planning Commission of India. former co-chairman of Infosys Technologies, was appointed as the first Chairman of the authority in June 2009

Aadhar is a unique Identification number issued by UIDAI to individuals for the purpose of establishing unique identification of every single person. Aadhar is actually a 12-digit number and not a card which is unique for every individual who enroll or apply to get his/her Aadhar number. The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is the regulatory body for this

How to Download Your e-Aadhaar Card

The complete procedure for downloading your Aadhaar letter or Aadhar card online is pointed below.

1. Make sure that you have your enrolment number and the date time of enrolment with you in order to proceed for downloading the e-Aadhaar letter. These details can be found on the acknowledgement slip which you got from the enrolment centre after enrolling for Aadhaar.

2. Fill in your details like enrolment number, date time of enrolment, your name, your Pincode and the captcha code in the respective fields and click on the ‘Submit’ button.

3. Then you will be asked to verify your mobile number by displaying the last 4 digits of your registered mobile number. If it is correct then press ‘Yes’ button and then you will receive a One Time Password (OTP) on the same mobile number as a part of verification process. If the displayed mobile number is wrong then press ‘No’ and enter your correct mobile number and press ‘Submit’ button. You will then receive OTP on your mobile number.

4. The OTP will be needed to proceed further and you have to enter the OTP in the next field to get access to the electronic version of your Aadhaar letter or Aadhar card.

5. After that you will be provided with a link to download your e-Aadhaar letter (in PDF format) and to open it you will need to enter your ‘Pincode’ as the password.

Click here to download your e-Aadhaar letter

Upcoming Articles;

• Problem in Downloading Aadhaar Card
• How to Download Aadhaar Card Quickly
• Download Aadhaar Card even without Pincode or Password
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UGC NET/JRF DEC 2012; Minimum Passing/Qualifying Criteria

NET JRF IS BECOME UPHILL TASK TO BE QUALIFIED AS UGC CHANGED MINIMUM QUALIFYING CRITERIA
UGC DECLARED ITs QUALIFYING CRITERIA FOR NET-JRF DEC 2012

"UGC-NET IN OBJECTIVE MODE FROM JUNE, 2012 ONWARDS" the early statement of UGC for NET aspirant now become a taboo as it is becoming tougher and tougher to crack.



As per declaration of UGC Minimum passing mark in each paper remain same but new qualifying formula created a headache for NET Aspirant.

Thousands of NET JRF Aspirant become frustrated while hearing this news that only 15% out of those candidates who secured minimum qualifying criteria will be declared as NET qualified.


Refer to http://www.ugcnetonline.in/sch_o_test.php


Top 15% candidates ( subject wise and category wise), from the merit list mentioned under step II, will be declared NET qualified for eligibility for lectureship only.



PROCEDURE & CRITERIA FOR DECLARATION OF RESULT:
This will comprise of following steps:


Step I:
Minimum marks to be obtained in NET for considering a candidate for the award of JRF and eligibility for lectureship:The candidates are required to obtain following minimum marks separately in Paper-I, Paper-II and Paper-III as given below:
CATEGORY

Minimum Marks (%) to be obtained

                                  GENERAL                  OBC(Non-creamy layer)                         PWD/SC/ST
PAPER – I                        40 (40%)                              35 (35%)                                35 (35%)

PAPER – II                       40 (40%)                            35 (35%)                                  35 (35%)

PAPER– III                        75 (50 %)                        67.5 (45 %) rounded off to 68    60 (40 %)


Step II:

Amongst those candidates who have cleared step I, a merit list will be prepared subject-wise and category-wise using the aggregate marks of all the three papers secured by such candidates.


Step III:

Top 15% candidates (for each subject and category), from the merit list mentioned under step II, will be declared NET qualified for eligibility for lectureship only.


Step IV:

A separate merit list for the award of JRF will be prepared from amongst the NET qualified candidates figuring in the merit list prepared under step III.


If You Have any opinion regarding this pls share with us; do comment/

IGNOU Openmat Solved Question Paper

IGNOU Openmat Solved Question Paper 

Question 1. A manufacturer undertakes to supply 2000 pieces of a particular component at rs 25 pr piece.According to his estimates ,even if 5% fail to pass the quality tests he wil make a profit of 25%.However as it turned out,50% of the components were rejected.What is the loss to the manufacturer?

Answer: coming soon.

Question 2. Prashanth borrowed Rs.15000 from Anil at 8%p.a. simple interest for 4 years. He then kept some money from the borrowed sum with himself and lent the remaining amount to Shafi for the same period at 15%p.a.rate of interest.If Prashanth gains Rs.150 in the whole transaction, how much money did he keep with himself?

Answer:  Rs.6750

Download UGC NET/JRF ADMIT CARD DEC 2012

Admit card NET JRF Download NET JRF DEC 2012 NET JRF DEC 2012 NET JRF DEC 2012

for downloading admit card OF NET JRF DEC 2012 AND IMPORTANT DIRECTION FOR THE CANDIDATE EXAMINATION CENTER etc pls click here

 Admit card NET JRF DEC 2012

UGC/NET/JRF Admit card download >>>>>

Specimen copy of OMR sheet paper I II and III NET JRF dec 2012
click here to download


FAQ
I have not received my admit card what to do?
I lost my Admit card Of UGC NET JRF EXAM DEC 2012 what next?
What is expected cut off marks for UGC NET JRF EXAM DEC 2012?
Is there any change in syllbus for Dec 2012 examination?
what is paper wise cut off?
How to download the NET JRF CERTIFICATE of June 2012?
Why I HAVE NOT YET RECEIVED MY NET CERTIFICATE?
 Is there any dispute regarding NET  june 2012 result?



If you have any of the above doubt in your mind pls take part in our discussion forum.

Labour Legislation, Business Law, commercial law, Mechantile Law important University questions bank

Labour Legislation in India

Business Regulatory Framework

Indian contract Act 1872

Sale of goods Act 1930

Business Law, commercial law, Mechantile Law 

Important University questions bank

1. Define Agreement explain its types, distinguish between a contract and an agreement. 
2. What do you mean by Discharge of contract? Explain how is the contract discharged?
3.    “All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts.” Discuss.
4.          Discuss the rules regarding communication of an offer, acceptance and revocation. When and how can an offer and acceptance be revoked? Give examples.
5.          Explain the essentials of undue Influence. Distinguish between coercion and undue Influence.
6.          What are Conditions and Warranties under the Sales of goods Act 1930.
7.          What are the rights and duties of a Bailor?
8.          Explain the term ‘Performance of Contract’. Who can demand Performance and by whom the contract should be performed?
9.          Explain the terms 'Principal' and ‘Agent’. Who can appoint an agent? Who can be appointed as an agent? Can a minor appoint or be appointed as an Agent? 
10.  Is adequacy of consideration necessary? Comment. 
11.  Explain the Position of a minor as a shareholder. 
12. What do you mean by ‘Wagering Agreements’ 
13. What do you mean Acceptance? 
14. What are the effects of coercion? 
15. Write short note on ‘Pardanashin Women’. 
16. Define ‘Fraud’. 
17. Write short note on ‘Continuing Guarantee’. 
18. Can an agent appoint a Sub-agent? Comment. 
19. A agrees to pay Rs. 25000 to B, if B murders X. B murders X and demands Rs 25000. A refuses to pay. Advise B.

e-Marketing: techniques and models of research and promotion

e-Marketing: techniques and models of research and
promotion

In this chapter we have identified and analyzed the virtual market promotion
techniques. We developed a general framework for implementation and analysis of
promotion results as an activity carried on the virtual market. For each technique we
developed an implementation and results analysis framework and we extracted the
characteristics and features of using that technique.
The specialized literature [33] believes that one of the most important offpage
SEO indicators is the number of sites that create a link to the promoted site. All
techniques examined above, in addition to the role of promoting and bringing visitors
or buyers also have the role to create links to the promoted site and thus improve the
site in terms of search engines. The technique that we consider the least useful in
terms of offpage SEO is e-ads because the ads have to be reactivated periodically.
For each promotion technique we identified and proposed the indicators to
include in the virtual market analysis system, in the analysis of e-marketing
techniques sub-category (Figure 2). We propose the addition of 40 indicators of which
6 to analyze web directories, 8 e-ads, 4 search engines, 8 e-groups and 14 for
affiliations. We propose also to track the presence of the competition in the web
directories, e-ads and search engines.
For the future we plan the expansion of the investigated e-marketing
techniques by including social networking and mobile marketing features.

Cost and Management Accounting Solved Questions Bank for University Exams

PAPER – 4 : COST ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
PART – I : COST ACCOUNTING
QUESTIONS
(Marginal Costing – Calculation of Break-even point)
1. (i) You are given the following particulars calculate:
(a) Break-even point
(b) Sales to earn a profit of Rs. 20,000
i. Fixed cost Rs. 1,50,000
ii. Variable cost Rs. 15 per unit
iii. Selling price is Rs. 30 per unit
(Marginal Costing – Finding Selling Price)
(ii) If P/V ratio is 60% and the Marginal cost of the product is Rs. 20. What will be the
selling price?
(Marginal Costing – Cost Concepts)
(iii) A ltd. Maintains margin of safety of 37.5% with an overall contribution to sales ratio
of 40%. Its fixed costs amount to Rs. 5 lakhs.
Calculate the following:
(a) Break-even sales
(b) Total variable cost
(c) New ‘margin of safety’ if the sales volume is increased by 7 ½ %.
(Application of Marginal Costing & Flexible Budget)
(iv) The ratio of variable cost to sales is 70%. The break-even point occurs at 60% of
the capacity sales. Find the capacity sales when fixed costs are Rs. 90,000. Also
compute profit at 75% of the capacity sales.
(Labour Turnover)
(v) Sengupta Co. Ltd. Supplies you the following information: -
No. of workers at the beginning of the year 400
No. of workers at the end of the year 500
No. of workers resigned 35
2
No. of workers discharged 10
No. of replaced workers 40
Find out Labour Turnover Rate under Flux Method.
(Labour – Rowan Plan)
(vi) Calculate the earnings of a worker under Rowan Plan from the following particulars:
a. Hourly rate of wages guaranteed 0.50 paisa per hour.
b. Standard time for producing one dozen articles – 3 hours.
c. Actual time taken by the workers to produce 20 dozen articles – 48 hours.
(Inventory Turnover)

How to write Report on Orientation Programme

Sample Report on orientation Programme

Topics; Open and distance learning system, Self instructional material, Introduction to computer hardware and software.

Report on V Orientation Progarmme

Organised by Academic Staff College xxxxx University xxxxpur

Dated: 09^th Dec, 2012

First Session:

Resource persons: Prof. A.K.Chandra, Head Deptt of Physical Education, xxxx University, Allahadbad.

Topic: Open and distance learning system

The motivational speech was delivered by Pro. A.K.Chandra, He focused on Open and Distance learning system as technique of teaching and learning approach.

In the words of Prof. Chandra “Open Learning system is the system to facilitate individual learners learning”. He divided learning system into two parts i.e Close Learning System and Open Learning System. According to him a close learning system is nothing but a traditional teaching and learning system, which is an institutional based learning system and learners are taught first then they are asked to raise questions. In contrast in an open learning system, no institutional learning is focused but learners are assigned the task first and when they feel any problem they consult their master.

He further spoke learners expectation are fulfilled in Open learning system and not restricted to an opportunity to any formal degree. According to him the more autonomy, the more open is a learning system and the less autonomy the close is the learning system.

He explained the whole learning system on following five basis;

Enrollment; in a close learning system there is a limited seat for learners, while in an open learning system there is no restriction of seat for learners.

Attendance; Generally 75% attendance is compulsory for learners in a close learning system while in an open learning system there is no any compulsion for attendance.

Standard course material; In a close learning system, there are structural based course materials and the learners are bound to go through the same course and the same paper.

While in an open learning system learners are free to pursue any paper and any course material, there are unstructured course and semi-structured courses are available for them.

Method of teaching; a close learning system is in fact a lecture based, competitive and a teacher-centered system, on the other hand an open learning system is a learners-centered and not lecture based.

Assessment/Evaluation; in a close system the assessment of learners are made on the basis of standard examination procedure in order to promote them into next class. While in an open system self assessment procedure is focused.

Prof. Chandra explain the whole learning system by giving suitable examples.

Second Session:

Resource persons: Prof. A.K.Chandra, Head Deptt of Physical Education, xxxxbad University, xxxxdbad.

Topic: Self instructional material

In this session Prof. Chandra assigned learners to prepare Self instructional material, on the basis of given material, for this purpose he divided the learners in five groups and appointed a group leader in each group. He instructed the learners in this regard, the purpose of this assignment was to develop the skill of preparation of Self instructional material.

Third Session:

Resource persons: Prof. Alok  Saxena, Head Deptt of Commerce, Xxxxx University, xxxbad

Topic: Introduction to computer hardware and software.

Prof. Saxena familiarized the learners with the importance of hardware and software of computer through Power Point Presentation. According to him both hardware and software are integral part of computer.

Hardware includes monitor, keyboard, hard-drive disc, mouse, printer, graphic cards, sound card, memory, mother board etc.

Software, according to him, is a collection of computer programme and related data that provides the instruction for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

 System software, Application software and Microsoft office software were discussed as different types of software.

0

Fourth Session:

Resource persons: Prof. A.K.Chandra, Head Deptt of Physical Education, Xxxx University, xxxxbad.

Topic: Self instructional material

In this session Prof. Chandra evaluated the assignment given to the learners in the second session, group leaders presented it individually. Prof. Chandra highlighted the lacuna of their preparation and corrected them they further suggested to improve the skill of teaching and learning approach.

                                                                                                                                                        Prepared by

                                                                                                                                               Sanjay Singh

                                                                                                                                            Assistant Professor

                                                                                                            

Deptt of Zoology, xxx university xxxpur.

 Upcoming Posts on Orientation Programmes;

• The art of Report writing on Orientation Programme
• Essay Open and distance learning system
• Merits of Self instructional material
• An Introduction to computer hardware and software.

Why This "Kolaveri Di" - "A Viral Marketing Strategy"

VIRAL MARKETING|VIRAL MARKETING IN BOLLYWOOD |RECENT VIRAL MARKETING|WHAT IS VIRAL MARKETING|INDIAN EXAMPLE VIRAL MARKETING|INTERNET VIRAL MARKETING|RAPID VIRAL MARKETING|WORD OF MOUTH VS VIRAL MARKETING|
Why This "Kolaveri Di" - "A Viral Marketing Strategy"

Abstract:
What makes some marketing campaigns so immensely big and well known when they are marketed through social media or with a viral approach? How can a company reach out to customers through viral marketing and how can they make use of today's social media to achieve it? In this article we will try to understand and further explore what a campaign have to accomplish in order to achieve a viral spread, using a descriptive model which uses a number of factors and terms necessary in order to properly analyze viral marketing campaigns. This model as it stands today is at its first steps towards being a tool for producers to incorporate in their analytic research and design process when creating viral campaigns

KEY WORDS: Viral marketing, Social Media, Word-Of Mouth, Communication Channels, Advertising, Communication Strategy, Media Strategy.

Definition

Marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message.

Information
Viral marketing depends on a high pass-along rate from person to person. If a large percentage of recipients forward something to a large number of friends, the overall growth snowballs very quickly. If the pass-along numbers get too low, the overall growth quickly fizzles.

At the height of B2C it seemed as if every startup had a viral component to its strategy, or at least claimed to have one. However, relatively few marketing viruses achieve success on a scale similar to Hotmail, widely cited as the first example of viral marketing.

Viral marketing may take the form of:
* Video clips
* Interactive Flash games
* Adver games
* EBooks
* Brand able software
* Images
* Text messages

A Perfect Example of Viral Marketing.

Why This Kolaveri Di?....- is an Tamil song from the soundtrack of the upcoming Tamil film 3, which is due to be released in 2012. Written and sung by actor Dhanush, the song was composed by music director Anirudh Ravichander.

A down tempo dance gaana-ballad song, "Why This Kolaveri Di" has been described as "genre bending" by critics, built around an ancient South Indian folk rhythm. Its instrumentation consists of nadaswaram, shehnai, saxophone, urumee and thavil drums, acoustic guitar and keyboards mixed with electronic synths and scratches. The vocals utilize the singing style of Tamil folk culture. Lyrically, the song revolves around the film's main protagonist being dumped by his girlfriend; the song is sung by the character in a drunken state, with many of the lines nonsensical.

The song was officially released on 16 November 2011, and it instantly became viral on social networking sites for its quirky "Tanglish" (portmanteau word of Tamil and English) lyrics. Soon, the song became the most searched YouTube video in India and an internet phenomenon across Asia. Within a few weeks, YouTube honored the video with a Recently Most Popular Gold Medal Award for receiving a large number of hits in a short time.

What is this Kolaveri Kolaveri??????
* Kolaveri means "murderousrage" i.e. 'sudden and tremendous anger against someone'
* "Why this Kolaveri Kolaveri Di" It means "Why are you so angry with me??" These are words of a boy whose love has been rejected by the girl whom he loves so much and from the heart.
* Lyrics of this song track have words from Tamil and English general slangs used in India. This 4:08 minute sound track and backgrounds core is composed by Anirudh Ravichand.

How did Kolaveri Di go Viral?
Soon after the song was leaked, Sony Music India wanted to make the most of the advantage. Jack in the Box is the digital agency responsible for making the video go viral. According to Ninja Magic.in, the company aimed to market the video on YouTube, Facebook & Twitter.

Let's first talk about how the company managed to market the video on Facebook. Sony Music India's South page has about 200k fans. And most of them are Tamils. So, posting about the video on Facebook page attracted viewers, comments, likes & shares. In turn, YouTube views of the video started going up.

Promotional Strategies of Kolaveri Di:

"Song is officially released on 18 November. Then it spread like a fire through social networking sites. Within first week of release, it received 1.3 million views on YouTube, more than 1 million shares on facebook . This is the first Tamil song to be premiered on MTV India. On 30th November, Song has crossed 10 crore hits on YouTube. International Time Magazine, Huffington Post and BBC has published report of this song."

What makes this song so popular? It happens to be because the song connects with the youth of the country. The song is about a guy who has been dumped by his girlfriend. The theme is interesting and so are the lyrics. The lyrics are written such that the words used are particularly irrational. Moreover the words and the slang with which the song has been sung is too typical for the tamilians. Those who have had any encounter with any Tamil friends will understand this. The slang used by them in speaking English is too different from others. That is what make this song unique.

The song indeed has a good music too. It has been composed by a relative new comer anirudh.The song is sung by Tamil actor dhanush. The movie in which the song will feature in is called 3 and is produced by aishwarya. There is a common factor that connects these 3 persons and that is the legend rajnikanth himself. Anirudh happens to be his nephew, dhanush is his son-in-law and aishwarya is his daughter.
Honestly at first, people were sharing the video on Facebook, Almost everyone was sharing the video as their status updates.

The video was marketed on Twitter. The marketers of John in the Box created #why this Kolaveri di hash tag and started posting quirky lines like "Iceland has not heard #why this kolaveri di", "Not called for 2 days #why this Kolaveri di", etc., with the YouTube link to the video. This intrigued people on twitter who didn't understand what Kolaveri di meant. So these people started asking questions & clicking the YouTube link.

After the video went viral on Twitter, users were talking about Kolaveri Di via #Kolaveri hash tag. The topic trended for more than3 days on Twitter India. Even today people are tweeting about this song.

Soon the song gained popularity from South India to the whole of India and then across the world.

Kolaveri's 7 Viral Technique:

1. Give away information to your customers and include back links to your site. You can post these books or special reports on eBook directories, give away sites and use JV partners to give to their list. Encourage people to pass the information along to their friends who have an interest in the topic. If your information is accurate and helpful you'll find many people be passing the book to friends.

2. You can use a Tell-A-Friend script on your site. Essentially you give your customer and visitors a way to easily share your website. Depending upon your market you may find that offering an incentive to tell a friend or two will encourage more traffic. Incentives can be free information that is delivered directly after the tell-a-friend script has been executed. Assure your readers that you do not collect email addresses when they enter their friend's address. They are not opting their friend into your ezine.

3. Do you get funny video clips from friends and family? This is viral marketing. Although the clip may not be selling anything the concept of passing from person to person is viral. Now, putting your imagination to work, can you create an idea around your niche that would be interesting? Something that would be passed from person to person? All you need is a digital camera. Videos without the professional 'feel' lend themselves to authenticity. You only have to look at the popularity of reality TV to realize how much people like 'peeking' in on the lives of others.

4. Are you trying to get your information out to your public quickly? You can generate an Internet Press Release to draw in your readers. This is a method that can have far reaching effects when done with creativity and panache. Bring your readers to your page and send them out with a video or ebook to share with their friends.

5. Undercover marketing, done well, can be fun and intriguing. You create a mystery surrounding your niche. There are questions, mystique, a potential for danger and people keep coming back for more. It becomes fun and interesting. Your readers keep coming back for more and sending their friends to figure out the mystery. Yanik Silver has been doing this for sometimes with his Underground Marketing Seminar. He doesn't release the name of several of the speakers, the attendees are undercover agents and the information is highly confidential. The whole event is cloaked in mystery.

6. Social network sites are here to stay. They often evolve around a particular topic. MySpace, the most popular network site, is a general forum where people discuss anything from monkeys to marriage. The information on these sites is searchable. You can easily develop a list of people interested in your topic or niche and release funny exciting information that they are encouraged to pass along to their friends.

7. Buzz marketing is creating a 'buzz' about a particular subject, video, website or writing. In 2001 Morgan Westerman discovered a poem in the public domain that he published to the Internet. It was a feel good poem that people started passing from friend to friend. Then the Twin Towers collapsed and people in the U.S. started searching for answers and encouragement.

Kolaveri for Future Managers:

* As per the ET, The soup song has turned an anthem for the future managers in the country.

* All IIMs has accepted this song as the best examples of viral marketing. Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA) has included this song in the subject "Contemporary Film Industry :a business perspective"

* IIMA faculty Bharathan Kandaswamy has said, "I will discuss Kolaveri Di as part of a session on social media and online tools when my class starts in December.

Lessons in Viral Marketing

* Broadcast Yourself "It is lot more than just AViral concept need not be Rocket Science…. Sometimes… It's just a simple idea, captured right.

* Contagious" A good Viral is highly contagious. You don't need to promote it. A good viral spreads by itself.You Don't Have to Spend to Get Noticed To spread the wordout, you need not burn a hole in your pocket and promote things like crazy

* Gaining a good amount of attention on-line Will attract the other traditional media towards your story. The viral was covered in leading News Channels & Newspapers

An Online Viral can spillover offline…Gaining a good amount of attention on-line will attract the other traditional media .

Conclusion

What can you learn about Social Media Marketing from Kolaveri Di?

You need to define your social media marketing strategy properly. When you've a Facebook fan page which is liked by thousands of targeted users, your content/articles will be viewed by those. Sure your website will get more clicks. But, this is not enough. These readers should automatically share your content with their social friends. These readers should subscribe to your newsletters. These readers should buy your products.

This brings us to the main thing that is important, i.e. Content. If Kolaveri di wouldn't have funny lyrics & cool beats, there would have been a very few shares & likes. Why did the song get so many likes & shares on Facebook? Heck, because of the content. Remember if the content is good, you don't need to market it. It'll market itself.


VIRAL MARKETING| BRAND POSITIONING|

NEW cut off Additional List of UGC Net

UGC Additional result 

UGC recently announced additional list of NET JRF. Now 13000 Plus more candidates qualified for NET and 1600 plus for JRF. new hope for some candidate and frustrating for those who already facing tough competition. whatever the thing may be but UGC must adhere to its result it should not be fluctuating. Hope majority of us be disappointed, well friend whats ur view regarding this pls comment.

THE PAYMENT OF WAGE ACT, 1936

THE  PAYMENT OF WAGE ACT, 1936

The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 is a central legislation which has been enacted to regulate the payment of wages to workers employed in certain specified industries and to ensure a speedy and effective remedy to them against illegal deductions and/or unjustified delay caused in paying wages to them. It applies to the persons employed in a factory, industrial or other establishment or in a railway, whether directly or indirectly, through a sub-contractor. Further, the Act is applicable to employees drawing wages upto Rs. 1600/- a month. The Central Government is responsible for enforcement of the Act in railways, mines, oilfields and air transport services, while the State Governments are responsible for it in factories and other industrial establishments. The basic provisions of the Act are as follows:- The person responsible for payment of wages shall fix the wage period up to which wage payment is to be made. No wage-period shall exceed one month. All wages shall be paid in current legal tender, that is, in current coin or currency notes or both. However, the employer may, after obtaining written authorisation of workers, pay wages either by cheque or by crediting the wages in their bank accounts. All payment of wages shall be made on a working day. In railways, factories or industrial establishments employing less than 1000 persons, wages must be paid before the expiry of the seventh day after the last date of the wage period. In all other cases, wages must be paid before the expiry of the tenth day after the last day of the wage period. However, the wages of a worker whose services have been terminated shall be paid on the next day after such termination.  Although the wages of an employed person shall be paid to him without deductions of any kind, the Act allows deductions from the wages of an employee on the account of the following:- (i) fines; (ii) absence from duty; (iii) damage to or loss of goods expressly entrusted to the employee; (iv) housing accommodation and amenities provided by the employer; (v) recovery of advances or adjustment of over-payments of wages; (vi) recovery of loans made from any fund constituted for the welfare of labour in accordance with the rules approved by the State Government, and the interest due in respect thereof; (vii) subscriptions to and for repayment of advances from any provident fund;(viii) income-tax; (ix) payments to co-operative societies approved by the State Government or to a scheme of insurance maintained by the Indian Post Office; (x) deductions made with the written authorisation of the employee for payment of any premium on his life insurance policy or purchase of securities. The Act prescribes following rules for fines:-  Fines shall be imposed for approved list of acts and omissions. A notice specifying such list shall be exhibited in the prescribed manner on the premises in which the employment is carried on or at the prescribed places in case a person is employed in railways. No fine shall be imposed on any employed person until he has been given an opportunity of showing cause against the fine, or other-wise, than in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed for the imposition of fines. The total amount of fine which may be imposed in any one wage period on any employed person shall not exceed an amount equal to three per cent of the wages payable to him in respect of that wage-period. No fine shall be imposed on any employed person who is under the age of fifteen years. No fine imposed on any employed person shall be recovered from him by installments or after the expiry of sixty days from the day on which it was imposed. All fines and all realisations thereof shall be recorded in a register to be kept by the person responsible for the payment of wages. Hence, the main object of the Act is to eliminate all malpractices by laying down the time and mode of payment of wages as well as securing that the workers are paid their wages at regular intervals, without any unauthorised deductions. The Act was amended by the Payment of Wages (Amendment) Act, 2005 Rs. in order to enlarge its scope and provide for more effective enforcement. The main amended provision is the enhancement of wage ceiling from 1600/-per month to Rs. 6500/-per month for the applicability of the Act as well as empowering the Government to enhance the ceiling by notification in future.