Sunday, April 21, 2013

Human Computer "Shakuntala Devi" Passes away

Human Computer of India "Shakuntala Devi" Passes away

Shakuntala Devi, popularly known as "Human Computer", was an Indian prodigy mental calculator.
"Shakuntala Devi" | Human Computer "Shakuntala Devi" | "Shakuntala Devi" is no more now | News related to "Shakuntala Devi" | History of "Shakuntala Devi" | Contribution of "Shakuntala Devi"
Image: ‘human computer’, ‘mental calculator’, math whiz Shakuntala Devi passed away
The Human Computer of India is no more now as Shakuntala Devi, the human computer, known for the ability to compute complex equations mentally, died at Bangalore Hospital today at 8:15am on Sunday, She was 73.  Earlier She was  admitted to Bangalore Hospital in the city April 3 as her kidneys became weak and she also had breathing problems"Shakuntala Devi" was admitted to the hospital with respiratory difficulty, following which she acquired heart problems and endured a heart attack on Saturday evening. She was then on ventilator support but suffered another cardiac arrest early on Sunday, which proved fatal. "Shakuntala Devi" was born in 1939 in Bangalore, Karnataka. Manifested with an extraordinary love for numbers at the age of 3, she became an expert in complex mental arithmetic at the age of five. On 18 June 1980, Shakuntala Devi gave the product of two, thirteen digit figures after multiplying them within 28 seconds. Many countries have invited Shakuntala Devi to demonstrate her extraordinary talent. Today, she is acclaimed as an accomplished mathematician.

Shakuntala Devi is popularly known as a 'Human Computer' due to her extraordinary talents in solving complex mathematical problems without any mechanical aid. "Shakuntala Devi" also found her place in the Guinness book of records as a result of her extraordinary talents. Nowadays, apart from solving mathematical problems, she is utilising her amazing talent in the field of astrology.



Image:Human Computer "Shakuntala Devi" -Sakuntala-devi-the-greatest-mathemeticianImage: ‘human computer’, ‘mental calculator’, mathematician-Shakuntala Devi-Indian-lady-yodreamzImage-Human Computer "Shakuntala Devi" -Indian-mental-coputer-fact-about-personal-pics

Thursday, April 18, 2013

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Friday, April 12, 2013

What are Domain Selling, Parking and Online Domain Trading Business?

Online Money Making By Domain Trading


Online Domain Trading Business
Domain Trading | Domain Buying | Domain Selling | Domain Parking | Domain Auction | Onling Domain Trading Business

Like any other online Trading business, Domain Trading is one of the Best onling trading Business. Domain Trading Business is almost same as Share Trading Business. Domain trading is not a recent Online Trading Business; domain trading has been present for a long time, Ever since the World Wide Web came into being,  good Domain Traders have been making millions of dollors out of domain trading, and also known as domain flipping in their parlance.


Image: domain-trading-selling-buying-and-parking-domainThe Domain name:- Domain name consists of one or more fractions, technically termed as labels that are typically concatenated, and delimited by dots, such as website.com. It represents the address of a website with an extension following a (.) dot. The popular extension labels include Top Level Domains (com, net, org, edu, gov, etc), Lower Level Domain (like in en.wikipedia.org, wikipedia is the second-level domain) and various other internationalized representations like ca, in, etc.

The domain name registration is governed by ICANN, the Internet Committee for Assigned Names and Numbers. It is a non-profit organization that manages the use of Internet domains.

Benefits of  Domain Trading:- Domain trading is like a virtual real estate business like buying and selling properties. It can be termed as a website is the owner’s business home. Whoever has a business, has a website. He can’t afford risking his income by using social blogs for financial communication and advertising.

Domain parking: You may also park you unused Domain and start earning instantly, Domain parking is the registration of an Internet domain name without using it for services such as e-mail or a website i.e. without placing any content on the domain. Usually Ads are shown on the home page of these domains, and the parking agency will pay you if earnings are generated through click on you domain home page. This may be done to reserve the domain name for future development, to protect against the possibility of cybersquatting, or to engage in cybersquatting. Since the domain name registrar will have set name servers for the domain, the registrar or reseller potentially has use of the domain rather than the final registrant.

Share Trading Vs Domain Trading: Share trading may be more fragile business than that of Domain Trading, as the price of shares are not in direct control of you, moreover you can trade in business hours only in business days only, means you have to spare time in day working hours, while domain trading business may be carried out any time you wish, may it be mid night.
How to start Domain Trading Business?: All you need to buy domain names, and sell it at inflated price, due to scarcity of domain name, there is demand for some premium domain names, which you can book in advance and encash it later either by direct sale or by auction.
Normally a domain name can be bought in Between $10 to $20, as per size and popularity of domain and may be encashed after one year to two in $100, $1000 or more.

Wednesday, April 10, 2013

The Bet (A Short Story) by Anton chekhov

The Bet; A short story

by Anton Chekhov
The Best Short Story I Have ever read.................
It was a dark autumn night. The old banker was walking up and down his study and remembering how, fifteen years before, he had given a party one autumn evening. There had been many clever men there, and there had been interesting conversations. Among other things they had talked of capital punishment. The majority of the guests, among whom were many journalists and intellectual men, disapproved of the death penalty. They considered that form of punishment out of date, immoral, and unsuitable for Christian States. In the opinion of some of them the death penalty ought to be replaced everywhere by imprisonment for life. "I don't agree with you," said their host the banker. "I have not tried either the death penalty or imprisonment for life, but if one may judge a priori, the death penalty is more moral and more humane than imprisonment for life. Capital punishment kills a man at once, but lifelong imprisonment kills him slowly. Which executioner is the more humane, he who kills you in a few minutes or he who drags the life out of you in the course of many years?"
     "Both are equally immoral," observed one of the guests, "for they both have the same object - to take away life. The State is not God. It has not the right to take away what it cannot restore when it wants to."
     Among the guests was a young lawyer, a young man of five-and-twenty. When he was asked his opinion, he said:
     "The death sentence and the life sentence are equally immoral, but if I had to choose between the death penalty and imprisonment for life, I would certainly choose the second. To live anyhow is better than not at all."
     A lively discussion arose. The banker, who was younger and more nervous in those days, was suddenly carried away by excitement; he struck the table with his fist and shouted at the young man:
     "It's not true! I'll bet you two million you wouldn't stay in solitary confinement for five years."
     "If you mean that in earnest," said the young man, "I'll take the bet, but I would stay not five but fifteen years."
<  2  >
     "Fifteen? Done!" cried the banker. "Gentlemen, I stake two million!"
     "Agreed! You stake your millions and I stake my freedom!" said the young man.
     And this wild, senseless bet was carried out! The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with millions beyond his reckoning, was delighted at the bet. At supper he made fun of the young man, and said:
     "Think better of it, young man, while there is still time. To me two million is a trifle, but you are losing three or four of the best years of your life. I say three or four, because you won't stay longer. Don't forget either, you unhappy man, that voluntary confinement is a great deal harder to bear than compulsory. The thought that you have the right to step out in liberty at any moment will poison your whole existence in prison. I am sorry for you."
     And now the banker, walking to and fro, remembered all this, and asked himself: "What was the object of that bet? What is the good of that man's losing fifteen years of his life and my throwing away two million? Can it prove that the death penalty is better or worse than imprisonment for life? No, no. It was all nonsensical and meaningless. On my part it was the caprice of a pampered man, and on his part simple greed for money ..."
     Then he remembered what followed that evening. It was decided that the young man should spend the years of his captivity under the strictest supervision in one of the lodges in the banker's garden. It was agreed that for fifteen years he should not be free to cross the threshold of the lodge, to see human beings, to hear the human voice, or to receive letters and newspapers. He was allowed to have a musical instrument and books, and was allowed to write letters, to drink wine, and to smoke. By the terms of the agreement, the only relations he could have with the outer world were by a little window made purposely for that object. He might have anything he wanted - books, music, wine, and so on - in any quantity he desired by writing an order, but could only receive them through the window. The agreement provided for every detail and every trifle that would make his imprisonment strictly solitary, and bound the young man to stay there exactly fifteen years, beginning from twelve o'clock of November 14, 1870, and ending at twelve o'clock of November 14, 1885. The slightest attempt on his part to break the conditions, if only two minutes before the end, released the banker from the obligation to pay him the two million.
<  3  >
     For the first year of his confinement, as far as one could judge from his brief notes, the prisoner suffered severely from loneliness and depression. The sounds of the piano could be heard continually day and night from his lodge. He refused wine and tobacco. Wine, he wrote, excites the desires, and desires are the worst foes of the prisoner; and besides, nothing could be more dreary than drinking good wine and seeing no one. And tobacco spoilt the air of his room. In the first year the books he sent for were principally of a light character; novels with a complicated love plot, sensational and fantastic stories, and so on.
     In the second year the piano was silent in the lodge, and the prisoner asked only for the classics. In the fifth year music was audible again, and the prisoner asked for wine. Those who watched him through the window said that all that year he spent doing nothing but eating and drinking and lying on his bed, frequently yawning and angrily talking to himself. He did not read books. Sometimes at night he would sit down to write; he would spend hours writing, and in the morning tear up all that he had written. More than once he could be heard crying.
     In the second half of the sixth year the prisoner began zealously studying languages, philosophy, and history. He threw himself eagerly into these studies - so much so that the banker had enough to do to get him the books he ordered. In the course of four years some six hundred volumes were procured at his request. It was during this period that the banker received the following letter from his prisoner:
     "My dear Jailer, I write you these lines in six languages. Show them to people who know the languages. Let them read them. If they find not one mistake I implore you to fire a shot in the garden. That shot will show me that my efforts have not been thrown away. The geniuses of all ages and of all lands speak different languages, but the same flame burns in them all. Oh, if you only knew what unearthly happiness my soul feels now from being able to understand them!" The prisoner's desire was fulfilled. The banker ordered two shots to be fired in the garden.
<  4  >
     Then after the tenth year, the prisoner sat immovably at the table and read nothing but the Gospel. It seemed strange to the banker that a man who in four years had mastered six hundred learned volumes should waste nearly a year over one thin book easy of comprehension. Theology and histories of religion followed the Gospels.
     In the last two years of his confinement the prisoner read an immense quantity of books quite indiscriminately. At one time he was busy with the natural sciences, then he would ask for Byron or Shakespeare. There were notes in which he demanded at the same time books on chemistry, and a manual of medicine, and a novel, and some treatise on philosophy or theology. His reading suggested a man swimming in the sea among the wreckage of his ship, and trying to save his life by greedily clutching first at one spar and then at another.

The old banker remembered all this, and thought:
     "To-morrow at twelve o'clock he will regain his freedom. By our agreement I ought to pay him two million. If I do pay him, it is all over with me: I shall be utterly ruined."
     Fifteen years before, his millions had been beyond his reckoning; now he was afraid to ask himself which were greater, his debts or his assets. Desperate gambling on the Stock Exchange, wild speculation and the excitability which he could not get over even in advancing years, had by degrees led to the decline of his fortune and the proud, fearless, self-confident millionaire had become a banker of middling rank, trembling at every rise and fall in his investments. "Cursed bet!" muttered the old man, clutching his head in despair "Why didn't the man die? He is only forty now. He will take my last penny from me, he will marry, will enjoy life, will gamble on the Exchange; while I shall look at him with envy like a beggar, and hear from him every day the same sentence: 'I am indebted to you for the happiness of my life, let me help you!' No, it is too much! The one means of being saved from bankruptcy and disgrace is the death of that man!"
<  5  >
     It struck three o'clock, the banker listened; everyone was asleep in the house and nothing could be heard outside but the rustling of the chilled trees. Trying to make no noise, he took from a fireproof safe the key of the door which had not been opened for fifteen years, put on his overcoat, and went out of the house.
     It was dark and cold in the garden. Rain was falling. A damp cutting wind was racing about the garden, howling and giving the trees no rest. The banker strained his eyes, but could see neither the earth nor the white statues, nor the lodge, nor the trees. Going to the spot where the lodge stood, he twice called the watchman. No answer followed. Evidently the watchman had sought shelter from the weather, and was now asleep somewhere either in the kitchen or in the greenhouse.
     "If I had the pluck to carry out my intention," thought the old man, "Suspicion would fall first upon the watchman."
     He felt in the darkness for the steps and the door, and went into the entry of the lodge. Then he groped his way into a little passage and lighted a match. There was not a soul there. There was a bedstead with no bedding on it, and in the corner there was a dark cast-iron stove. The seals on the door leading to the prisoner's rooms were intact.
     When the match went out the old man, trembling with emotion, peeped through the little window. A candle was burning dimly in the prisoner's room. He was sitting at the table. Nothing could be seen but his back, the hair on his head, and his hands. Open books were lying on the table, on the two easy-chairs, and on the carpet near the table.
     Five minutes passed and the prisoner did not once stir. Fifteen years' imprisonment had taught him to sit still. The banker tapped at the window with his finger, and the prisoner made no movement whatever in response. Then the banker cautiously broke the seals off the door and put the key in the keyhole. The rusty lock gave a grating sound and the door creaked. The banker expected to hear at once footsteps and a cry of astonishment, but three minutes passed and it was as quiet as ever in the room. He made up his mind to go in.
<  6  >
     At the table a man unlike ordinary people was sitting motionless. He was a skeleton with the skin drawn tight over his bones, with long curls like a woman's and a shaggy beard. His face was yellow with an earthy tint in it, his cheeks were hollow, his back long and narrow, and the hand on which his shaggy head was propped was so thin and delicate that it was dreadful to look at it. His hair was already streaked with silver, and seeing his emaciated, aged-looking face, no one would have believed that he was only forty. He was asleep ... In front of his bowed head there lay on the table a sheet of paper on which there was something written in fine handwriting.
     "Poor creature!" thought the banker, "he is asleep and most likely dreaming of the millions. And I have only to take this half-dead man, throw him on the bed, stifle him a little with the pillow, and the most conscientious expert would find no sign of a violent death. But let us first read what he has written here ... "
     The banker took the page from the table and read as follows:
     "To-morrow at twelve o'clock I regain my freedom and the right to associate with other men, but before I leave this room and see the sunshine, I think it necessary to say a few words to you. With a clear conscience I tell you, as before God, who beholds me, that I despise freedom and life and health, and all that in your books is called the good things of the world.
     "For fifteen years I have been intently studying earthly life. It is true I have not seen the earth nor men, but in your books I have drunk fragrant wine, I have sung songs, I have hunted stags and wild boars in the forests, have loved women ... Beauties as ethereal as clouds, created by the magic of your poets and geniuses, have visited me at night, and have whispered in my ears wonderful tales that have set my brain in a whirl. In your books I have climbed to the peaks of Elburz and Mont Blanc, and from there I have seen the sun rise and have watched it at evening flood the sky, the ocean, and the mountain-tops with gold and crimson. I have watched from there the lightning flashing over my head and cleaving the storm-clouds. I have seen green forests, fields, rivers, lakes, towns. I have heard the singing of the sirens, and the strains of the shepherds' pipes; I have touched the wings of comely devils who flew down to converse with me of God ... In your books I have flung myself into the bottomless pit, performed miracles, slain, burned towns, preached new religions, conquered whole kingdoms ...
<  7  >
     "Your books have given me wisdom. All that the unresting thought of man has created in the ages is compressed into a small compass in my brain. I know that I am wiser than all of you.
     "And I despise your books, I despise wisdom and the blessings of this world. It is all worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage. You may be proud, wise, and fine, but death will wipe you off the face of the earth as though you were no more than mice burrowing under the floor, and your posterity, your history, your immortal geniuses will burn or freeze together with the earthly globe.
     "You have lost your reason and taken the wrong path. You have taken lies for truth, and hideousness for beauty. You would marvel if, owing to strange events of some sorts, frogs and lizards suddenly grew on apple and orange trees instead of fruit, or if roses began to smell like a sweating horse; so I marvel at you who exchange heaven for earth. I don't want to understand you.
     "To prove to you in action how I despise all that you live by, I renounce the two million of which I once dreamed as of paradise and which now I despise. To deprive myself of the right to the money I shall go out from here five hours before the time fixed, and so break the compact ..."
     When the banker had read this he laid the page on the table, kissed the strange man on the head, and went out of the lodge, weeping. At no other time, even when he had lost heavily on the Stock Exchange, had he felt so great a contempt for himself. When he got home he lay on his bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours from sleeping.
     Next morning the watchmen ran in with pale faces, and told him they had seen the man who lived in the lodge climb out of the window into the garden, go to the gate, and disappear. The banker went at once with the servants to the lodge and made sure of the flight of his prisoner. To avoid arousing unnecessary talk, he took from the table the writing in which the millions were renounced, and when he got home locked it up in the fireproof safe.

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Saturday, April 6, 2013

Concept and Definition of "Reward Management" and "Scanlon Plan"


Concept and Definition of Reward Management
Tags; Reward Management | Human Resource Management | HRM | Motivational Theory | Scanlon Plan
Reward management is about the formulation and implementation of strategies and policies that aim to reward people fairly, equitably and consistently in accordance with which help organizations to improve performance and achieve their objectives.
This top design, implementation, maintenance, communication and evolution of reward processes with the value of the organization.
Reward management therefore, involves the analysis and effective control of employee remuneration and covers salary and all benefits. Much of the literatures are available to evaluate the concept of reward management.
The early discussions to reward management arrived in the early 1970s, with Scanlon Plan. Joseph Scanlon laid down a model for paying reward to employees and workers of the organisation,
About Scanlon Plan
Sir Joseph Scanlon’ formulated the plan for reward for the employees, popularly known as Scanlon plan is a model for business organization. This type of organizational structure is a gain sharing program, and seeks to involve employees more directly in the processes of corporate decision-making in order to benefit from suggestions and contributions from employees. Employees are rewarded for their input and assistance through profit sharing plans, which disperse some portion of the economic benefits generated by a more engaged workforce to the members of that workforce. These plans work best in environments where employees have relatively stable, long-term attachments to a single corporation.
In sum, The Scanlon Plan (SP) is a systematic approach to enhancing organizational effectiveness through a formal participation program and a financial bonus. It has met with varying degrees of success. The present study is an investigation of factors that account for this variation in success. SP success was found to be positively related to the average level of participation in decision making reported by employees, to the number of years a company had had an SP, managerial attitudes, chief executive officer's attitudes, and expected level of SP success; but not related to company size.
Pay is a key element in the management of people. The importance of pay begins with pay administration that deals accurately and swiftly with payroll-related matters. Much of the information used by pay administrators is shared with the human resource function. Pay evaluation systems also impinge on human resource territory. Free market organizations are particularly concerned with performance-related pay as a motivating factor but this trend appears to be ideological rather than rational since practical PRP schemes that deliver the results intended are extremely difficult to construct. Current evidence shows that performance pay is likely to demotivate more people than it motivates.
Reward Management
(according to http://www.cornwell.co.uk)
Reward management involves the analysis and effective control of employee remuneration and covers salary and all benefits. It assesses the nature and extent of rewards and the way they are delivered as well as considering their effect on both the organisation and staff.
Cornwell consultants take a holistic approach to reward management, treating every element of reward as an investment. We help assist organisations to review each part of reward to determine:
·         Its purpose
·         An organisation’s ‘return’ on investment
·         The most appropriate areas for investment
Working closely with IDS our consultants have access to one of the largest private and public sector salary databases in the country. This association and our involvement with strategic remuneration bodies helps our consultants identify and advise on emerging trends and practices in addition to establishing appropriate levels of pay at national and regional levels. We also conduct bespoke salary surveys focussing on specific sectors or roles.

Thursday, April 4, 2013

How to Speak Effective and Correct English Fluently

You want to Speak English Well without any Coaching Centre and In simple manner?

Well all you need to go through Following Stepts to Speak English fluently in less effort and time.
Remember to LISTEN; For being a good speaker to must be a good listener first, listen to those who speak English well, try to movement of lips of those persons, try to copy their style, focus on the words they use in their sentences, it will help you in collecting several words and its uses,
Remember even an illitrate person of villages, who cannot right even a single letter, speak his mother tongue fluently. How? Because He listen 
Speaking requires Speaking:
Ignore Grammar Avoid Translating remember some structures: While forming sentences in English many of us translate it into English from our mother tongue. By doing so you will be both slow and incomplete in meaning, Instead try to remember some structure of English Sentences which are commonly used in day to day life.
For example; Is it necessary to go there? Yeah of course, It is.
You may further, by remembering this structure (It is necessary to....) may form lots of sentence without any translation like; It is not tough to speak English, It is impossible to do this work, It is very easy to speak English, and so on.
You may also take help from Newspapers, magazines and AIR news to collect lot of Practical and much popular words, remember once you become thousand worder you can speak english well even with knowing complexity of grammar, 
one of the best way to speak english is to use those words in your day to day conversation.
Speaking English fluently requires lots of practice. Remeber "Practice makes a man Perfect"

Agreement and Contract as per Indian Contract Act 1872


Define the term "Contract" as per Indian Contract Act 1872, Explain the essential features or elements of a valid Contract.

Categories;
Business Law | Commercial Law | Mercantile Law | Business Legislation | Indian Contract Act | B.com (Hons) | M.com | M.B.A | University Questions | B.Com L.L.B

Ans;

Law of Contract

1. Nature of contract
Introduction
Man has highly and rightly been described as a social animal. As a social being he comes into contract with a large number of people. If his conduct towards fellow being is injurious, it must be regulated, for example , if he beats another person or takes away hi9s property, the state inn that case will protect the life and property of the victim. Therefore, to maintain law and order inn society, the state has to regulate the conduct of is people, this is done by the state by making rules and enforcing them. These rules are called law. 

“law is the body of principles recognized and applied by the state inn the administration of justice.” 

             Prof. Saldomond.

“A law is a rule of conduct imposed and enforced by the Soversgein.”
                                                                                                                                                                Prof. Austin
Business Law
Just as law is necessary to regulate the conduct of the people in society, so business law is necessary to regulate the conduct of people doing business. Business law is that branch of law which is applied to merchants or people doing business to regulate their rights and obligation arising out promise by made them.
Contract
In our daily life all of us enter into a contract at a one step or the other without realising that we are entering into a contract.
Simply, we can say that;
Any agreement which is enforceable by the law is known as contract.
Or,
Contract= Proposal + Acceptance + Enforceability
                        (P)                    (A)                        (E)
“All agreements are not contract but all contracts are agreement.”
Definitions;
“Every agreement and promise enforceable at a court of law is a contract”
                                                                                                                                Prof. Pollock.
“An agreement enforceable by the law”
                                                The Indian Contract Act adopted the definition given by Pollock.[sec 2(h)]
Agreement;  
Every promise and every set of promises, forming consideration for each other, is an agreement.(sec 2(e))
                            Agreement = Proposal + Acceptance.
                                   (A)                   (P)                (A)

Proposal or Offer;
When a person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. There are two types of proposal;
General and Specific
When an offer is made open to all it is termed as General Offer
While an offer made to some specific person is known as Specific Offer.
Contract;
According to Indian Contract Act 1872,
“All agreements are contract if they are made by free consent of the parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration with a lawful object and not hereby expressly declared to be void.”
Elements of a valid Contract:
1.      Two or More Parties;

2. Agreement;

3. Free Consent;

4. Capacity of parties to make agreement

5. Lawful Consideration

6. Lawful and legal object;

7. Not expressly declared to be void

8. As far as possible it should be in writing.


Monday, April 1, 2013

Commerce: Model Papers/Question Bank On Financial Accounting


                                                                 PART-  A
 ( NOT FOR PROFIT ORGANISATIONS, PARTNERSHIP FIRMS ANDCOMPANY ACCOUNTS)
_____________________________________________________________________________

1.      Define goodwill.                                                                                        1
2.     What is meant by convertible debentures?                                                 1
3.     State any two reasons for the preparation of Revaluation Account on the retirement of a partner?                                                                                       1
4.    Distinguish between income and Expenditure Account and Receipts and payment Account on the   basis of nature of items recorded therein?                 1
5.    Ram and Mohan are partners in a firm without any partnership deed. Their Capitals are Ram Rs.80, 000 and Mohan Rs.60,000.  Ram is an active partner and looks  after the business.  Ram wants that profit should be shared in proportion of capitals.
       State with reason whether his claim is valid or not?                                    1
6.  Calculate the amount of stationery to be debited to the income and Expenditure
     Account of Delhi recreation club for the year ended 31-3-2009 on the basis of
    The following information:
                                                                              


                                                                             31-3-2008      31-3-2009
    Rs.                      Rs

     Stock of stationery                                                850                      650

    Creditors for stationery                                          200                      240
    Amount paid for stationery during the year was   Rs. 5,000                               3
7.  20,000 Shares of Rs.10each were issued for public subscription at a premium of 10%.  Full amount was payable on application.  Applications were received for Rs. 3,00,000 shares and the board decided to allot the shares on a pro rata basis. Pass journal entries.                                                                                                       3
8. State the exceptions to the creation of Debenture redemption reserve as per SEBI
    Guidelines                                                                                                              3
9.  A, B and C are partners in a firm.  They have omitted interest on capital @ 10%  p.a  for the three years ended 31st march 2009.  Their fixed capitals on which
     Interest was to be calculated throughout were
         A                                                                                  Rs. 1,00,000
         B                                                                                  Rs.  80,000
         C                                                                                    Rs.70, 000
       Give necessary adjusting journal entry with working notes.                        4
10.  A firm of A, B and C is under dissolution.  Pass journal entries in the following cases:
1.     Realization expenses of the firm amounting to Rs.1, 600 paid by a partner A
2.     One creditor worth Rs.4,500 took over stock valued at Rs.5,200 in full
Satisfaction of his claim.
3.     An unrecorded asset was realized for Rs.3, 500
4.     Assets were realized for Rs. 79,000                                                              4

11.       P.Q and R are partners sharing profits and losses n the ratio of 5; 3; 2. From 1st January 2009, they decided to share profits and losses in equal proportions. The partnership deed provides that in the event of any change in profit sharing ratio, the good will should be valued at three years purchase of the average of five years profits.  The profits and losses of the proceeding five years were;
           Profits   2004 - Rs.60, 000; 2005 -  Rs.1, 50,000; 2006 -Rs.1, 70,000 
                              2007 - Rs.1, 90,000, 2008 -Rs.70, 000 (loss)                                                                                   

           Give the necessary journal entry to record the above change.                         4

12. From the under mentioned Receipts and Payments account for the year ending 31st March 2009 of Bengaluru’s Club, prepare an Income and Expenditure account for the same period.
Receipts
Amount
(Rs.)
Payments
Amount
(Rs.)
Balance b/d – Bank
Subscriptions
2008-     6,000/-
2009 – 40,000/-
2010-     2,000/-
Donations  -
Hall rent
Interest on Bank deposit
Entrance fees

1,00,000



48,000
8,000
1,200
1,800
4,000
Purchase of furniture
(1st July 2008)
Salaries
Telephone Expenses
Electricity charges
Postage and Stationery
Purchase of books
Entertainment expenses
Purchase of 5% Govt. Paper
( 1st October 2008)
Miscellaneous Expenses
Balance c/d
Cash
Bank

20,000
8,000
1,200
2,400
600
10,000
3,600
32,000

2,400

1,200
81,600
Total
1,63,000
Total
1,63,000

The following additional information is available:
          a)       Salaries out standing Rs. 6,000/-
b)          Entertainment Expenses Out standing Rs. 2,000/- 
c)           Bank interest receivable Rs. 600/-
d)          Subscriptions accrued Rs. 1,600/-
e)           50% of entrance fees is to be capitalized.
f)            Furniture is to be depreciated at 10% per annum.                                   6

13.   Vari Madi Computers Ltd. invited applications for Issuing 1,50,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of Rs. 2 per share. The amount was payable as follows:
On Application Ra. 6 (including premium) and balance on Allotment.
Applications for 60,000 shares were received Pro-rata allotment was made to all applicants. Excess money received on application was adjusted towards sums due on allotment.
A shareholder to whom 3,000 shares were allotted failed to pay the allotment money and therefore, his share was forfeited. Later on the forfeited shares were re-issued for Rs. 35,000 as fully paid up.
Pass necessary journal entries hi the books of Company.                                           6
14.  a.  Ravi  Ltd had a balance of Rs26, 25,000 in its profit and loss account. Instead of the declaring a dividend it decided it to redeem its Rs.25, 00,000 9% Debentures at a premium of 5%. P[ass necessary journal entries in the books of the company for the redemption of debentures .
b.        Pass journal entries at the time of issue of debentures in the following cases;
1.      Issued 3,000, 12% debentures of rs.100 each a premium of 5% redeemable at par.
2.    Issued 3,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at a par redeemable at a premium of 5% .                                                                                 6




15.    A B and C are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:3:3 respectively. Following is their Balance Sheet as on 31-12-2009.                     8
LIABILITIES
AMOUNT
ASSETS
AMOUNT
Sundry creditors
Capitals
A –         1,00,000
B –           60,000
C-              35,000
O/s Expenses
   30,000



1,95,000
  5,000
Cash
Sundry Debtors
Stock
Bills Receivable
Buildings
Furniture
        60,000
        30,000
        30,000
        10,000
         70,000
         40,000
Total
2,30,000
Total
        2,30,000
  On 1-1-2010, C is retired on the above date.
(1)   Rs.25, 000, was  undervalued buildings.
(2) Furniture is depreciated by 10%.
(3)  A provision for doubtful debts is  be created at 5% on debtors.
(4) The goodwill is to be raised to Rs.60, 000
The amount finally due to C be paid immediately.             
                                    OR                               
A and B are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2 respectively. Following is their Balance Sheet as on 31-12-2009.
LIABILITIES
AMOUNT
ASSETS
AMOUNT
Sundry creditors
Capitals
A –30,000
B –16,000
Reserve
  35,000


  46,000
 6,500
Cash
Sundry Debtors
Stock
Bills Receivable
Machinery
Furniture
22,000
16,000
15,000
  3,000
25,000
  6,500
Total
87,500
Total
87,500
  On 1-1-2010, C is admitted into partnership for 1/4th share on the following terms:
(a)     That C is to bring in Rs.10, 000 as capital.
(b)    That a Goodwill brought by the new partner is Rs.5,000/-
(c)     That the value of machinery is to be raised to Rs.30, 000
(d)    That stock and furniture are to be depreciated by 10%.
(e)     That a provision for doubtful debts is be created at 5% on debtors.
(f)      That the capital accounts of the partners to be readjusted on the basis of their profit sharing ratio. Any additional amount be credited to their current accounts.
Prepare necessary Ledger Accounts and the opening Balance Sheet.
16.  Holi Ltd issued 50,000 equity shares of rs.10 each at 5% discount.  Net amount was payable was under.                          Rs
                              On application    3
                               On allotment     3
                               On call              3.50
Applications were received for 80,000 shares.  Applications for 10,000 shares rejected and the remaining were allotted pro -rata.  All the amounts were duly received but reject could not pay the call money on his 2,000 shares.  These shares were forfeited.   Of these 1200 shares were reissued at Rs. 8 per share.
     Make the journal entries in the cash book and journal of the company.             8
                                              OR
Bank of Cochin issued 1000 equity shares on 1st April 2009 with face value of Rs.10 per share at par.   The public Rs.3 was remitted with application subscribed only 900 shares.   Rs. 3  was called at the time of allotment rest  to be made in two equal installments.  All call was made except in the final call.  The dues against them were received in time with the following exception. 
        Mr. Rajesh whom 30 shares were issued did not pay the first call.   These shares were reissued at a discount of Rs.2 per share being paid Rs 8 paid up credited to share capital account.
      Draft necessary journal entries in respect of the above transactions.
PART-B

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS


17.   Which ratio provide the information critical to the long term operation of the firm?                                                                                                                         1
18.            Capital gain tax paid by a Financing company is classified under which kind of activity while preparing a cash flow statement?                                                   1
19.  Which among the following is different from others:
               1.    Operating                                                       2. Budgeting
               3.     Investing                                                        4. Financing                 1
20. Name the three items to be shown under the heading ‘Reserves and Surplus ‘of company balance sheet as per schedule VI Part -I of the companies act 1956?     3
21.   Prepare Common Size Income statement from the following:                      4
Particulars
  2008   (Rs)
2009 (Rs)
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Administrative expenses
Other income
Income tax
        4,00,000
        2,00,000
           40,000
           20,000
           60,000
 5,00,000
 3,00,000
 1,00,000
    30,000
    70,000
22. a.  From the following compute current assets and current liabilities.
            Current ratio 3;1,  Quick ratio 1;1,  Closing stock RS.60,000,
      b.  Ram has total debts Rs.3, 90,000, long term debts RS.3, 00,000 and working capital  Rs.50,000.  Calculate the current ratio                                                 4

23.    Find out cash flow from the financing activities of Nokia Ltd from the following    
      information.
Particulars
2008  ( Rs)
2009 (Rs)
 Debentures
Equity share capital
10% mortgage loans
Proposed dividends
    8,50,000
   10,00,000
     5,60,000
     4,25,000
   6,50,000
  15,00,000
   8,20,000
   6,00,000



Additional information
1.     Interest on mortgage loan paid 10% per annum
2.     Dividend paid during the year Rs.1, 75,000
3.     Debentures were redeemed at a premium of 5%
4.     Interest paid on debentures rs.25, 000                                                                 6       
                                      OR
The following balances appeared in Plant Account and Accumulated Depreciation Account In the books of Bharat Ltd:
Balance as on
31.3.2008
Rs.
31.3.2009
Rs.

Plant

2,50,000
3,70,000
Accumulated Depreciation
45,000
60,000
Additional Information:
Plant costing Rs. 45,000; accumulated depreciation thereon Rs.20, 000, was sold for.10, 000.
You are required to:
a) Compute the amount of Plant purchased, depreciation charged for the year and loss on sale of plant.
b) Show how each of the Items related to the plant will be shown in the cash flow statement.
-oOo-
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